I’d meant to give Ernest Hemmingway (1898-1961) another shot. I read For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) in an edition I inherited from my mother for my all-men’s book club in Jerusalem and found the narrative about the pre-WWII Spanish Civil War slow-going.
Yet I knew that Hemmingway, known for his spare old-school newspaper writing style, is considered one of the great authors of the 20th century. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953.
When I stumbled upon a copy of The Sun Also Rises (1926) at one of our free neighborhood book libraries, I decided to give him another try. The story is about a group of mostly Paris-based literary types, American ex-pats, who go to Madrid to watch the bullfights.
One set member is the character Robert Cohn – his name is the only thing Jewish about him. Cohn is the ex-lover of Lady Brett Ashley, the only woman in the group over whom he continued to pine after. The narrator, Jake Barnes (Hemmingway’s alter ego), loves her too but can’t consummate the relationship because of impotence. Everybody hates Cohn outright or just about tolerates him. The word “kike” and "Jew" is bandied around. It all shocked me as I had no idea that Hemmingway loathed Jews. בוקר טוב אליהו
It put me off. Later, I learned that his Paris ex-pat circle of mentors included the self-hating Jewess Gertrude Stein, the certified antisemite Ezra Pound, and the prejudiced Ford Madox Ford. That may be where he caught his case of antisemitism that existed alongside friendships with Jews.
Hemmingway was a super-masculine womanizer who routinely slurred gay people. Some scholars presume he was a latent homosexual. He killed himself at age 61.
Hemmingway wasn’t born an antisemite; scholars suggest he may not have died as one. I suppose his antisemitism was rooted in his social milieu, not racialism or theology. If he weren’t a writer, it might have expressed itself more subtlety as mere prejudice. No human is without bias; it is something we can work to overcome. In contrast, hatred rooted in racial or religious contempt is far more potent and pernicious; a matter of identity and belief system.
Jew-hating was apparently not essential to Hemmingway’s personality, as far as I can tell. He did not embrace it as a meta-conspiracy theory that explained the entire world.
In other words, he's the kind of antisemite we need not get overly exercised over.
