Fifty Years since the Yom Kippur War

Defense Minister Moshe Dayan with Prime Minister Golda Meir 

Dear Readers,

It's 50 Years since the Yom Kippur War. I wrote a short piece for Israel My Glory, a US-based Christian Zionist magazine that explores why Israel was caught by surprise.

Here is the link. 

Alternatively, cut and paste 

https://israelmyglory.org/article/israels-pearl-harbor/

into your browser.

Binyamin Netanyahu anti-'Occupation' Gadfly

The damage Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu has unleashed upon Israel's political society in six months is plain — at least for half of Israel – to see. The other half is willfully blind or maintains that the ends (majoritarian democracy with theocracy as a possible endgame) justify the (economic, social, and military destabilizing) means.

One of the many unintended consequences that Netanyahu has wrought is that he has exposed the direct connection between the "occupation" and his coalition's regime change putsch. "Judicial reform" mobilizers are mostly associated with the settlement movement in one fashion or another. They want to gut the judiciary's powers to remove the last check on absolute Jewish sovereignty in Judea and Samaria. For it is the judiciary that routinely interferes with the confiscation of disputed lands and applies international legal norms in the West Bank. It does this because it is the civilized thing to do; and protects IDF personnel from being dragged before international tribunals as war criminals.

By campaigning to undermine democratic values within the Green Line, even as they are too often flouted in Judea and Samaria, Netanyahu has unwittingly brought “West Bank rules” into Israeli living rooms. Even as Israelis debate whether pure majority rule is "democracy," as the Netanyahu camp maintains, or that overarching "democratic values" define "democracy," as I and other opponents of regime change hold, millions of Palestinian Arabs enjoy no democracy whatsoever. Those in the West Bank live under the unelected Palestinian Authority's authoritarian rule and, on top of that, are subject to IDF military law.

Netanyahu's post-Jabotinsky Likud Party and the ultra-nationalist Orthodox Hardal parties led by Bezalel Smotrich, Itamar Ben Gvir, and Avi Maoz have jarringly connected the dots for many Israelis like me between the Hardal (*) stream, the "occupation," and what is happening inside the Green Line to the rule of law. Of the 64 coalition members, about half are Hardal or Haredi (including three Likud MKs). Ten live over the Green Line.

Hardal sensibilities lean toward intolerance, anti-intellectualism, and antagonism to modernity. Their hilltop clerics have koshered the murder of Arab non-combatants. Government ministers applaud vigilantism. No less than old-school haredim, Smotrich, Ben Gvir, and Maoz appear committed to incremental yet inexorable gender segregation in public spaces. Virtually all their movement's youth groups are now segregated. Zvi Thau, the Supreme Leader of Maoz's party, has made trashing gays his holy mission. 

While haredi politicians of United Torah Judaism and Shas (also coalition members) would profit from taking down the judiciary, they are primarily political free riders narrowly interested in budgets, patronage, and evading national service. 

The advance guard driving “judicial overhaul” is mostly associated with the Hardal stream and is motivated by a desire to annex Judea and Samaria regardless of the demographic and international consequences. The exception that proves the rule is Justice Minister Yariv Levin, who presents as a secular Jew and champions majoritarian democracy. Though, let's not forget that Levin himself has long pressed for annexation. 

In this way, Netanyahu's coalition has shoved the "occupation" in our faces. He has forced us to recognize the political and cultural intersectionality between events in Judea and Samaria and within the Green Line. Until recently, I myself denied that the settlement enterprise served as a hothouse for intolerance and disregard for the rule of law on both sides of the Green Line.  That position is hard to maintain, given that annexation at any price is so central to Netanyahu's regime change.

For de jure annexation of the West Bank to happen, the judiciary would need to be sidelined. Let me pause to explain why annexation makes no sense. There are 3 million Palestinians in Judea, Samaria, and Jerusalem. Another 2 million in the Gaza Strip. Add in nearly two million Palestinian Arabs who are Israeli citizens within the Green Line, and you have 7 million Arabs living between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. This is equivalent to the number of Jews in the same territory.

Before my lefty friends smugly mutter, "I told you so," consider that Israel has a moral, historical, legal, and cultural claim to the West Bank. It is bolstered by the security-based practical need to retain the West Bank's high ground, which overlooks coastal Israel. Jews are not colonizers in the West Bank — what "colonizer" can dig down and discover artifacts belonging to their ancestors? Eretz Israel is not occupied, yet the Arabs who live there feel they are “under occupation.” This has become a distinction without a difference.

It took two sides to create this "occupation" conundrum. The settler movement operated by creating facts on the ground in the absence of legal authority or societal consensus. It made settlement the first imperative. No Israeli government, left or right, offered a strategic settlement plan anchored in our security needs that made space for a deal the other side could live with – if it ever wanted peace. Settling the land in the face of unremitting Arab violence became an end in itself, with generations raised in a fervent breeding ground of messianic expectations.

Palestinian Arab intransigence is the flip side of the occupation equation. Imagine if, after the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords signed by Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat, the latter had wanted peace and not the phased destruction of Israel. Imagine if, with all the EU and US money thrown at the PA, Arafat had allowed viable political institutions to be developed and inculcated Palestinian youth in coexistence. Imagine if, when Hamas began blowing up Israeli buses to protest Oslo, Arafat had attended the funerals of the Jewish victims. Imagine if he and Mahmoud Abbas had said "yes" — just once — to a Palestinian state in the offers made by Shimon Peres, Ehud Barak, Ehud Olmert, Ariel Sharon, or even Netanyahu in his earlier incarnation.

At the end of the day, we can't want a Palestinian state more than the Palestinian Arabs do — and as long as their leadership will not accept that the Jews, too, have a right to a national homeland. What matters most for the PLO, Hamas, and its international apologists is not building their polity but destroying ours. What sort of state would sprout if the "occupation" ended tomorrow? How long before Iranian Revolutionary Guards were set up overlooking Ben-Gurion Airport? Gaza is a flashing red light, foretelling what PLO/Hamas control of the West Bank would bring.

Opponents of the "occupation" have never wanted Israelis to overthink the "Day After" a Palestinian state came into being. The more delusional among them imagine the Palestinian Arabs as peaceful shepherds, disciples of Gandhi who, if left to their own devices, would build an egalitarian non-sectarian state. Or they trick themselves into thinking that Israel would pull up its drawbridge and our two peoples would go their separate ways.

It is in this context that Netanyahu comes along to make plain the toxic blowback of radical settler ideology on our domestic polity. And in doing so, he has made the "occupation" the problem not just of the left and the Palestinians but of all opponents of regime change. I blame Netanyahu for normalizing hatred of the judiciary. 

Bearing in mind that this government plans to be in power until at least October 2026, Netanyahu has already given us a sour whiff of what a Hardal-Haredi Israel led by a demagogic Likud might look like.

Netanyahu’s symbiotic union with Jewish supremacists aching to bring animal sacrifices on the Temple Mount and with retrograde non-Zionists keen to maintain their own insularity while imposing ultra-Orthodox mores on Israel's busses, trains, and mainstreet is pushing heretofore agnostic or even right-leaning Israelis into the "anti-occupation" orbit. 

Security hawks like me wonder whether the Jewish subculture nurtured in West Bank messianic circles that spawned Ben-Gvir, Smotrich, and their ilk poses more danger to Herzlian Zionism than Haredi obscurantism. UTJ and Shas leaders may be grifters and shirkers, but their ethical pliability makes them open to bargaining. In contrast, the Hardalim, including those ensconced within the Likud, are rigid ideologues with a sinister agenda: to refashion Israel’s political regime. 

Binyamin Netanyahu is principally responsible for bringing our polity to this brink. He could yet save Israel and salvage his reputation by resigning. That would make a national unity government possible. A new government could pull Israel out of its quagmire and maybe, by and by, set the stage for a reassessment of our strategy in the West Bank. 

Or, he could stay the course and persist in his unintended role as anti-'occupation gadfly. 

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(*) The stream formerly known as national religious or Mizrachi and identified with modern orthodoxy, has largely morphed into חרד״ל, an acronym for חרדי לאומי‎ Ḥaredi Le'umi.

Characterized as religiously stringent, they troll for khumrot (above and beyond what law and tradition require) while valuing insularity, like authentic haredim. What most distinguishes Hardalim is their ethno-supremacist and messianic political orientation. They are mostly post-Zionists in the sense that they take their cues not from the state or the military hierarchy but from their clerics (just like haredim).

 

 

In Israel it is now or never for a Constitution

In the 32 weeks since the Netanyahu government took power, English-speaking immigrant opponents of the government's regime change campaign have experienced a cascade of emotions running from disbelief to desolation. One woman in her eighties who arrived here from the UK before the 1967 Six-Day War told me, "This is not the country I moved to."

No matter when olim opponents of Netanyahu came, we took for granted that Israel was a Jewish and democratic state, its many flaws notwithstanding. Before I arrived, I knew there was no constitution or bill of rights though I had not realized Israel's May 14, 1948, Declaration of Independence promised one by October 1, 1948.

Part of why we don't have a constitution is that fate intervened. The Palestinian Arab leadership rejected Israel and a Palestinian state alongside it. The energies of the Zionist leadership were monopolized by the war (and later by the mass absorption of immigrants); one percent of Israel's population had been killed in the fighting, which ended in January 1949. Yet the 1948-49 conflict does not entirely explain why we were left without a constitution.

Israel does not have a constitution because the Orthodox parties stood and stand in the way. The religious parties were never at peace with the liberal democratic tradition. Only political improvisation kept Israel's polity afloat. Historically, the parties on the right, no less than those on the left, upheld the country's democratic ideals of tolerance, civil liberties, and respect for minorities.

However, now Binyamin Netanyahu's fury against the justice system he once championed is destabilizing the country. Bibi's vindictive payback for his lengthy bribery, fraud, and breach of trust trial triggered today's extraordinary crisis. Netanyahu could not have brought us to this nadir if not for the descent of Likud into a post-Jabotinsky illiberal party. It further required him to advance a poisonous unity among ethno-supremacist messianic parties to Likud's right and strengthen his union with non-Zionist haredi parties. Yet the perfect storm was only unleashed by his appointment of Likud's Yariv Levin, a burning judicial critic, as justice minister. He reaped bonus benefits when Simcha Rothman, of Bezalel Smotrich's far-right party and a longstanding intellectual critic of the judicial system, became head of the Knesset's Constitution, Law and Justice Committee.

It is easy to get suckered into a discussion about the downsides of Israel's judiciary, part and parcel of its improvised political system. In 1995, the Supreme Court, under then Chief Justice Aharon Barak, gave itself the power to strike down Knesset laws that did not meet obligations enshrined in Israel's Basic Laws. These Basic Laws are seen to have supra-legal constitutional status. Recall that the US Supreme Court gave itself analogous power in 1803 in the case of Marbury v. Madison.

The gullible will allow themselves to be conned into parroting the terminology of "judicial overhaul" or "judicial reform." But what Netanyahu et al. are doing is not primarily aimed at correcting fundamental deficiencies in our makeshift system regarding legal standing, jurisdiction, the role of the deputy attorney-generals assigned to various ministries, and so on. Its true purpose is to craft a populist, illiberal democracy. As a prerequisite, they must defang the judiciary of its power to check and balance. Once that is done, the government and the Knesset it controls can enjoy unrestricted reign.

Netanyahu, out of malice, and his partners, out of conviction, are trying to engineer an Israel that cleaves to rigorously Orthodox interpretations of Halacha enforced by the state, an Israel that is culturally and socially less tolerant, more Jewishly chauvinistic and majoritarian. The judiciary stands in the way. It is also an obstacle to blatant violations of international law in Judea and Samaria – but that's another story.

Live and let live has never been an option for Israel's Orthodox streams.

At the creation of the state, turning Israel into a theocracy would have been their ideal. Still, in 1949, opposition from across the political spectrum was too strong, and the Orthodox demographic base was too weak. At the same time, Israel's mainstream was never militantly secular and chose a series of hyper-pluralist compromises over thwarting the Orthodox.

Thus, the Compulsory Education Law enacted in September 1949 created two Orthodox school systems, one non-Orthodox public scheme, and a network for the Arabs. This explains why today's haredi youngsters have no English and its secular youth don't know how to hold a siddur.

The Orthodox – Mizrachi and Haredi – demanded no vehicular traffic on Shabbat. The compromise they got was no public transportation on Israel's one-day "weekend."

The first unrest against Shabbat desecration occurred on May 28, 1949, in Jerusalem at a movie house that, due to daylight savings, had opened before sundown. The chief rabbis of Israel were outside the cinema protesting. Extremists usurped the demonstration. That led the police to intervene and the rioters to complain of police brutality. There were also Shabbes riots near the Mandelbaum gate to Jordanian-held east Jerusalem over non-Jewish tourist traffic.

It could have been otherwise. In 1949 the First Israelis, Tom Segev, reported that "Yeshayahu Leibowitz expressed the opinion that for Israel to live by the law, the law would have to be adapted to its needs. He also considered the possibility that the religious law would be amended so that the state and the public would be permitted to do what the private individual was forbidden to do — just as, for example, the state is allowed to kill, whereas the individual is commanded not to do so." That might have been sensible public policy, but it never happened. Because toleration is seen as a slippery slope by the Orthodox establishment. The Orthodox Leibowitz presented as a curmudgeon who could have written the book How to Distance People and Make Enemies, yet his intemperate warnings were prophetic.  

Without a constitution, the prime minister had a corner on power. In 1948, David Ben-Gurion exempted a few hundred yeshiva students from army service. By 1968, the number of deferments rose to 4,700. Now, most haredi lads opt out of IDF service. Some even run riot when asked to register for their deferments. On May 14, 1951, the Knesset began debating the conscription of women. It decided that the draft would not be compulsory for Orthodox females. Nonetheless, for years many national-religious women went into the army. Today, as the Mizrachi national-religious world has transitioned to haredi-leumi, few do IDF service.

The Orthodox might have agreed to a God-permeated constitution. Something along the lines of the Iranian constitution with appropriate modifications: "In the Name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful"… In the view of Islam, government does not derive from the interests of a class, nor does it serve the domination of an individual or a group. It represents rather the crystallization of the political ideal of a people who bear a common faith and common outlook, taking an organized form in order to initiate the process of intellectual and ideological evolution towards the final goal, i.e., movement towards Allah…"

Of course, what Israel needed from the get-go was a Jewish and democratic constitution. The Orthodox opposed a constitution in 1949 because it would not have consecrated their hegemony over marriage and divorce. It would likely have forestalled a taxpayer-funded ultra-Orthodox rabbinate. A constitution would not have stipulated that the national airline and public transportation would have to be shut on the Sabbath, that the state should regulate kosher laws, or that autonomous religious and educational systems would create separate and unequal educational outcomes. So the Mizrachi and Haredi parties combined to block a constitution.

Ben-Gurion being an autocrat – the kind who had his security services spy on his political opponents – did not lose sleep over the absence of a constitution and bill of rights. 

So here we are.

Israel still needs that constitution promised by our Declaration of Independence. A draft constitution prepared by a committee led by the late Justice Meir Shamgar awaits Knesset discussion.

But the prospects of adopting a constitution in an Israel where Netanyahu's coalition has such demographic and political clout is doubtful. Where much of the national-religious stream has morphed into a messianic, Jewish supremacist, and apocalyptic force. In an Israel where generations of ultra-Orthodox children have no memories of their fathers ever going off to work or to do IDF reserve duty. In an Israel where "right-wing" has become synonymous with being anti-Arab, intolerant, anti-intellectual, and anti-elitist.  

The oldest English-speaking olim may recall that Eri Jabotinsky (died 1969), son of Ze'ev and a Herut Member of the first Knesset, was a steadfast opponent of religious coercion and pushed for a constitution and an end to military rule over Israel's Arab citizens. Today he'd be denigrated as a "smolan" and a "hater of Israel."

Still, there is no going back to the status quo ante. An unintended consequence of Netanyahu's regime change campaign was that it helped create a cross-party liberal-leaning bloc that knows it is now or never for a constitution. If democratic values are not enshrined, the pure majority that brought Netanyahu back to power 32 weeks ago – with a four-seat Knesset majority – will run roughshod over Israeli society for years to come.

 

 

 

 

  

WSJ Columnist William Galston Cites David Ben-Gurion in Defense of Binyamin Netanyahu's 'Judicial Reform'

  

It's not often that a veteran Wall Street Journal columnist cites a departed social democrat to make a point. But William Galston did just that by invoking Israel's first prime minister to demonstrate that, just like Binyamin Netanyahu, David Ben-Gurion favored a weak Supreme Court.

Good enough for Ben-Gurion? Good enough for Netanyahu? Should be good enough for conservative pro-Israel readers of the Journal.

Galston, citing Yeshiva University and Tikvah Fund scholar Neil Rogachevsky, writes that in 1949 Ben-Gurion told a Knesset committee that he opposed enshrining overarching democratic values -- the kind that would not be subject to popular whim. As far as Ben-Gurion was concerned, a simple majority should always get its way. "In a country such as ours, imagine for yourselves that the nation wants something, and seven people designated with the rank of judge cancel something that the nation wants! . . . This, in our country, would lead to revolution. For the people would say: we will do what we want," Ben-Gurion said.

Ben-Gurion then, like Netanyahu's Justice Minister now, Yariv Levin, opposed giving the court the power to "decide whether the laws are kosher or not kosher." That should be up to the Knesset (controlled in his day by Ben-Gurion and by Netanyahu today). Galston concludes that Ben-Gurion was right, and the court under former Chief Justice Aharon Barak should not have given itself expanded powers of judicial review. He says that today's chasm in Israel's body politic only proves that it would have been better if Ben-Gurion's advice had been headed.

Galston, a self-described "phlegmatic Jew," espouses the stance taken by similarly situated American Jewish social, economic, and political conservatives that the last thing Israel needs is an interventionist liberal Supreme Court that will hamper the majority's passions.  Frankly, it surprises me that Galston is one of those conservatives who parts company from James Madisonian.

Telling me that Ben-Gurion would have supported Netanyahu only strengthens my feeling that I should oppose the Israeli government's regime change drive. Ben-Gurion was a strong leader convinced that he could bend the majority to his will. Our first PM did not brook internal party challenges or solicit the policy views of others; he was ruthless in crushing anyone in his way. And he liked to be in control – of the labor unions, the media, and the Jewish Agency.

What comes across from Tom Segev's brilliant A State at Any Cost The Life of David Ben-Gurion is that he was uneasy with political power being concentrated anywhere but in his own hands. When he could, he humiliated Chaim Weizmann offering him Israel's presidency shorn of power. He distrusted Yitzhak Sadeh and the Palmach leadership because they aligned with the Mapam Party. He feared and detested Menachem Begin. He made himself supreme commander of the Haganah and would not rest easy until the fledgling IDF military command was dominated by his Mapai Party.

He could also be cold-hearted. In 1947, he took no steps to discourage the British from hanging Irgun operative Dov Gruner. And in 1948, he authorized an attack on the Irgun arms ship Altalena because he convinced himself Begin was planning a coup.

"The smoke that rose over the Altalena had not dispersed when Ben-Gurion went back to subduing the Palmach," writes Segev. Why look for enemies on your own side during wartime? Because as Segev explains, "Ben-Gurion tended to become addicted to his hatreds."

Galston and the Jewish Americans who think like him (some of whom are funding the movement to change Israel's regime) are unlikely ever to move their families here. For them supporting Bibi's "judicial reform" must seem like a culturally and politically fascinating lab experiment. Let's see what happens when you concentrate power in the hands of one man in a country with no constitution or bill of rights, with a fragmented population and a considerable Arab minority. Where a big chunk of ultra-Orthodox men and women do no national service. And where West Bank settlement policy is now more than ever a seat-of-the-pants affair.

Galston and his amen corner would like to change the subject to talk about judicial philosophy. But here in planet Israel, "judicial reform" is the cornerstone of a regime change scheme driven by Netanyahu's frothing coalition comprised of his own post-Jabotinsky Likud Party, the ultra-Orthodox non-Zionist parties (Shas and UTJ), and the messianic, red-cow, settler ethno-nationalists (Jewish National Front, Religious Zionist Party, and Noam).

Israel's Supreme Court held its first session in September 1948, its five members having been personally selected by Ben-Gurion's Justice Minister. Sure enough, another element of Netanyahu's judicial "reform" is not just giving rabbis and politicians more control over the media, banks, and civil service but over how judges are selected.

No one will accuse Ben-Gurion of changing his mind to stay out of prison. But they will remember what Netanyahu said in more honorable days about the judiciary:

"I believe that a strong, independent court allows for the existence of all other institutions in a democracy…

"I ask that you show me one dictatorship, one undemocratic society, where a strong independent court system exists. There's no such thing…

"In places with no strong and independent court system, rights cannot be protected…

 

How Trump Purposefully Ignited the Jan. 6 Insurrection Against the American Political System - Read the Indictment

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